.. index:: single: Form; Data mappers When and How to Use Data Mappers ================================ When a form is compound, the initial data needs to be passed to children so each can display their own input value. On submission, children values need to be written back into the form. Data mappers are responsible for reading and writing data from and into parent forms. The main built-in data mapper uses the :doc:`PropertyAccess component ` and will fit most cases. However, you can create your own implementation that could, for example, pass submitted data to immutable objects via their constructor. The Difference between Data Transformers and Mappers ---------------------------------------------------- It is important to know the difference between :doc:`data transformers ` and mappers. * **Data transformers** change the representation of a value (e.g. from ``"2016-08-12"`` to a ``DateTime`` instance); * **Data mappers** map data (e.g. an object or array) to form fields, and vice versa. Changing a ``YYYY-mm-dd`` string value to a ``DateTime`` instance is done by a data transformer. Populating inner fields (e.g year, hour, etc) of a compound date type using a ``DateTime`` instance is done by the data mapper. Creating a Data Mapper ---------------------- Suppose that you want to save a set of colors to the database. For this, you're using an immutable color object:: // src/Painting/Color.php namespace App\Painting; final class Color { private $red; private $green; private $blue; public function __construct(int $red, int $green, int $blue) { $this->red = $red; $this->green = $green; $this->blue = $blue; } public function getRed(): int { return $this->red; } public function getGreen(): int { return $this->green; } public function getBlue(): int { return $this->blue; } } The form type should be allowed to edit a color. But because you've decided to make the ``Color`` object immutable, a new color object has to be created each time one of the values is changed. .. tip:: If you're using a mutable object with constructor arguments, instead of using a data mapper, you should configure the ``empty_data`` option with a closure as described in :ref:`How to Configure empty Data for a Form Class `. The red, green and blue form fields have to be mapped to the constructor arguments and the ``Color`` instance has to be mapped to red, green and blue form fields. Recognize a familiar pattern? It's time for a data mapper. The easiest way to create one is by implementing :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\DataMapperInterface` in your form type:: // src/Form/ColorType.php namespace App\Form; use App\Painting\Color; use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType; use Symfony\Component\Form\DataMapperInterface; use Symfony\Component\Form\Exception\UnexpectedTypeException; use Symfony\Component\Form\FormInterface; final class ColorType extends AbstractType implements DataMapperInterface { // ... /** * @param Color|null $viewData */ public function mapDataToForms($viewData, $forms) { // there is no data yet, so nothing to prepopulate if (null === $viewData) { return; } // invalid data type if (!$viewData instanceof Color) { throw new UnexpectedTypeException($viewData, Color::class); } /** @var FormInterface[] $forms */ $forms = iterator_to_array($forms); // initialize form field values $forms['red']->setData($viewData->getRed()); $forms['green']->setData($viewData->getGreen()); $forms['blue']->setData($viewData->getBlue()); } public function mapFormsToData($forms, &$viewData) { /** @var FormInterface[] $forms */ $forms = iterator_to_array($forms); // as data is passed by reference, overriding it will change it in // the form object as well // beware of type inconsistency, see caution below $viewData = new Color( $forms['red']->getData(), $forms['green']->getData(), $forms['blue']->getData() ); } } .. caution:: The data passed to the mapper is *not yet validated*. This means that your objects should allow being created in an invalid state in order to produce user-friendly errors in the form. Using the Mapper ---------------- After creating the data mapper, you need to configure the form to use it. This is achieved using the :method:`Symfony\\Component\\Form\\FormConfigBuilderInterface::setDataMapper` method:: // src/Form/Type/ColorType.php namespace App\Form\Type; // ... use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\IntegerType; use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface; use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolver; final class ColorType extends AbstractType implements DataMapperInterface { public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options) { $builder ->add('red', IntegerType::class, [ // enforce the strictness of the type to ensure the constructor // of the Color class doesn't break 'empty_data' => '0', ]) ->add('green', IntegerType::class, [ 'empty_data' => '0', ]) ->add('blue', IntegerType::class, [ 'empty_data' => '0', ]) // configure the data mapper for this FormType ->setDataMapper($this) ; } public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver) { // when creating a new color, the initial data should be null $resolver->setDefault('empty_data', null); } // ... } Cool! When using the ``ColorType`` form, the custom data mapper methods will create a new ``Color`` object now. .. caution:: When a form has the ``inherit_data`` option set to ``true``, it does not use the data mapper and lets its parent map inner values.