.. index:: single: DependencyInjection; Advanced configuration How to Create Service Aliases and Mark Services as Private ========================================================== .. _container-private-services: Marking Services as Public / Private ------------------------------------ When defining a service, it can be made to be *public* or *private*. If a service is *public*, it means that you can access it directly from the container at runtime. For example, the ``doctrine`` service is a public service:: // only public services can be accessed in this way $doctrine = $container->get('doctrine'); But typically, services are accessed using :ref:`dependency injection `. And in this case, those services do *not* need to be public. .. _inlined-private-services: So unless you *specifically* need to access a service directly from the container via ``$container->get()``, the best-practice is to make your services *private*. In fact, All services are :ref:`private ` by default. You can also control the ``public`` option on a service-by-service basis: .. configuration-block:: .. code-block:: yaml # config/services.yaml services: # ... App\Service\Foo: public: true .. code-block:: xml .. code-block:: php // config/services.php namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator; use App\Service\Foo; return function(ContainerConfigurator $configurator) { $services = $configurator->services(); $services->set(Foo::class) ->public(); }; .. _services-why-private: Private services are special because they allow the container to optimize whether and how they are instantiated. This increases the container's performance. It also gives you better errors: if you try to reference a non-existent service, you will get a clear error when you refresh *any* page, even if the problematic code would not have run on that page. Now that the service is private, you *must not* fetch the service directly from the container:: use App\Service\Foo; $container->get(Foo::class); Simply said: A service can be marked as private if you do not want to access it directly from your code. However, if a service has been marked as private, you can still alias it (see below) to access this service (via the alias). .. _services-alias: Aliasing -------- You may sometimes want to use shortcuts to access some services. You can do so by aliasing them and, furthermore, you can even alias non-public services. .. configuration-block:: .. code-block:: yaml # config/services.yaml services: # ... App\Mail\PhpMailer: public: false app.mailer: alias: App\Mail\PhpMailer public: true .. code-block:: xml .. code-block:: php // config/services.php namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator; use App\Mail\PhpMailer; return function(ContainerConfigurator $configurator) { $services = $configurator->services(); $services->set(PhpMailer::class) ->private(); $services->alias('app.mailer', PhpMailer::class); }; This means that when using the container directly, you can access the ``PhpMailer`` service by asking for the ``app.mailer`` service like this:: $container->get('app.mailer'); // Would return a PhpMailer instance .. tip:: In YAML, you can also use a shortcut to alias a service: .. code-block:: yaml # config/services.yaml services: # ... app.mailer: '@App\Mail\PhpMailer' Deprecating Service Aliases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you decide to deprecate the use of a service alias (because it is outdated or you decided not to maintain it anymore), you can deprecate its definition: .. configuration-block:: .. code-block:: yaml app.mailer: alias: '@App\Mail\PhpMailer' # this will display a generic deprecation message... deprecated: true # ...but you can also define a custom deprecation message deprecated: 'The "%alias_id%" alias is deprecated. Do not use it anymore.' .. code-block:: xml The "%alias_id%" service alias is deprecated. Don't use it anymore. .. code-block:: php $container ->setAlias('app.mailer', 'App\Mail\PhpMailer') // this will display a generic deprecation message... ->setDeprecated(true) // ...but you can also define a custom deprecation message ->setDeprecated( true, 'The "%alias_id%" service alias is deprecated. Don\'t use it anymore.' ) ; Now, every time this service alias is used, a deprecation warning is triggered, advising you to stop or to change your uses of that alias. The message is actually a message template, which replaces occurrences of the ``%alias_id%`` placeholder by the service alias id. You **must** have at least one occurrence of the ``%alias_id%`` placeholder in your template. Anonymous Services ------------------ In some cases, you may want to prevent a service being used as a dependency of other services. This can be achieved by creating an anonymous service. These services are like regular services but they don't define an ID and they are created where they are used. The following example shows how to inject an anonymous service into another service: .. configuration-block:: .. code-block:: yaml # config/services.yaml services: App\Foo: arguments: - !service class: App\AnonymousBar .. code-block:: xml .. code-block:: php // config/services.php namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator; use App\AnonymousBar; use App\Foo; return function(ContainerConfigurator $configurator) { $services = $configurator->services(); $services->set(Foo::class) ->args([service(AnonymousBar::class)]) }; .. versionadded:: 5.1 The ``service()`` function was introduced in Symfony 5.1. In previous versions it was called ``inline()``. .. note:: Anonymous services do *NOT* inherit the definitions provided from the defaults defined in the configuration. So you'll need to explicitly mark service as autowired or autoconfigured when doing an anonymous service e.g.: ``service(Foo::class)->autowire()->autoconfigure()``. Using an anonymous service as a factory looks like this: .. configuration-block:: .. code-block:: yaml # config/services.yaml services: App\Foo: factory: [ !service { class: App\FooFactory }, 'constructFoo' ] .. code-block:: xml .. code-block:: php // config/services.php namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator; use App\AnonymousBar; use App\Foo; return function(ContainerConfigurator $configurator) { $services = $configurator->services(); $services->set(Foo::class) ->factory([service(AnonymousBar::class), 'constructFoo']) }; Deprecating Services -------------------- Once you have decided to deprecate the use of a service (because it is outdated or you decided not to maintain it anymore), you can deprecate its definition: .. configuration-block:: .. code-block:: yaml # config/services.yaml App\Service\OldService: deprecated: The "%service_id%" service is deprecated since vendor-name/package-name 2.8 and will be removed in 3.0. .. code-block:: xml The "%service_id%" service is deprecated since vendor-name/package-name 2.8 and will be removed in 3.0. .. code-block:: php // config/services.php namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator; use App\Service\OldService; return function(ContainerConfigurator $configurator) { $services = $configurator->services(); $services->set(OldService::class) ->deprecate('The "%service_id%" service is deprecated since vendor-name/package-name 2.8 and will be removed in 3.0.'); }; Now, every time this service is used, a deprecation warning is triggered, advising you to stop or to change your uses of that service. The message is actually a message template, which replaces occurrences of the ``%service_id%`` placeholder by the service's id. You **must** have at least one occurrence of the ``%service_id%`` placeholder in your template. .. note:: The deprecation message is optional. If not set, Symfony will show this default message: ``The "%service_id%" service is deprecated. You should stop using it, as it will soon be removed.``. .. tip:: It is strongly recommended that you define a custom message because the default one is too generic. A good message informs when this service was deprecated, until when it will be maintained and the alternative services to use (if any). For service decorators (see :doc:`/service_container/service_decoration`), if the definition does not modify the deprecated status, it will inherit the status from the definition that is decorated.